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Promoting health behavior in the case of HIV, Social cognitive theory, and role of self-efficacy

Definition of HIV and AIDS AIDS is ‘ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome’ which causes a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy’ (Ho-Yen et al., 2007 ) .   It is usually transmitted from person to person hence the name acquired. On the other hand, HIV is exist, which is an acronym for human immunodeficiency virus that is a prior condition before it turns out to be AIDS if not treated (Casey, K. 2009). There are two known types of the HIV, HIV-1, and HIV-2, that differs genetically and transmission and progression of the illness. HIV-2 is mainly seen in West Africa and it takes harder to transmit it when compared to HIV-1 (Casey, K. 2009). The prevalence is so high that, more than 1.1 million people that are living in the USA is infected by the HIV In today’s world. Statistics have shown that   there is a huge decline of infection in the USA after 2008 (United N., 2014).   Th...
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Using of metaphors and it’s beneficial relation to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) process

What is a metaphor? The word ‘Metaphor’   means ‘ta carry something across’ or ‘to transfer’ in the Greek language.   Sometimes it could be very useful to not to tell directly what you want to tell. Humans are complex beings and so their brains. Sometimes seeing a movie, can enlighten a person about a current issue, without any intention to do so. In psychological therapy, the counselors use tremendous ways to help the patient to reach their intended positive state of mind. Since it would be really hard to tell some things directly because in some cases the patient will be resisting the idea with his/her psychological defense mechanism. Thus, use of metaphors in the therapeutic setting would have many benefits to the relationship between the counselor and the client. By the use of metaphors or stories, you don’t directly say what you want to say, but instead, you just mean it with different logical clusters of words. It can be a story, it can be a saying like a joke or ...

Stress, Stress stages and How to Reduce Stress With Using Time Management

Stress, Stress stages and How to Reduce Stress With Using Time Management  Defining  Stress Stress  has  a  big  influence  upon   our  lives  in  terms  of  our  moods,  psychological  and  physiological  well  being  ,social  life,  behavior.  It  has  a big  impact  on  our  general  health.  Long  term  effects  of  stress  can  damage  our heath.  Every  person  has  different  genetics,  social  or  family  environment  and   also  has  different  kinds  of  problems  as  a cause  of  stress.  People  has  different  kinds  of  coping  strategies  with   problems  and  stress. Humans  are  tend  to  seek  balanc...

Procrastination

Procrastination Replacing high-priority actions with lower priority, mostly for enjoyment 3 elements: conterproductive, needless, delaying Normal – chronic – psychiatric disorder (impulse control deficit, ADHD, any prefrontal cortex damage, depression) Consequenses: Stress – sense of guilt – lower performance – not meeting commitments, responsibilities Causes:  Anxiety Perfectionism Lack of self-confidence – self downing Fear of failiure or success Impulsiveness – low frustration tolerance Disliking the task Boredom Apathy  Anger/hostility Academic procrastination  planning deficit: underestimation the required time, overestimation of own capacity, working style in one sitting, not spacing difficulty in setting self-imposed deadlines Typical process Optimistic ideas about ablities, competences Feeling of control Crossing over an imaginary starting time and doing nothing Realization that there is not enough time Justifica...

RECRUITMENT and SELECTION PROCESS

RECRUITMENT and SELECTION PROCESS Intrduction The purpose of this paper is to define recruitment and selection process for the ‘’regular’’  staff positions which means a job that is expected to last at least 12 months that involves identifying vacancies or new positions,posting these positions, recruiting for them and selecting, hiring and promoting and transferring staff employees.  There are several pieces to the recruitment and selection process such as conducting interviews,tracking applicants and reviewing them, sourcing candidates and selection for employment. These processes are all important for new and established businesses. In order to increase efficiency in hiring and control the efficiency and also to ensure consistency and compliance in the recruitment and selection process it’s recommended the following steps to be followed. Recruitment refers to the process of finding and hiring the best qualified  candidate(from within or outside ...

Limits of imagination

Limits of imagination If we haven’t seen an image or object before, how do we imagine the object? Can we imagine anything we haven’t seen before? We can put the known pieces-or dots- together and make a new one maybe but what about faces? Can we see a person we haven’t met before. I guess we can’t. Human brain is the most powerful computer in the world. It saves everything we see, even we don’t notice the thing or the face, the brain sees and saves it. We see a person on the street, we can be sure we know the person because the face is similar to us but we do not know where do we know the person. So, we remember that it is and often what it is but we may forget where it is. It makes a perfect sense. We can not imagine another color because we haven’t experienced another color. Can you imagine the end of the universe? On the other hand, human brain is too powerful to create something. We can create an entire universe and numerous dimensions if we go through quantum theory. ...

An Important Part in Child Development: Bullying and Preschool Bullying: Prevention Techniques and an Interview

An Important Part in Child Development: Bullying and Preschool Bullying: Prevention Techniques and an Interview      Abstract One of the most important studied segments of  scholary work is the link between bullying among children and it’s position in child development framework. Further more, most common types of bullying among children and especially in preschool-age-children. Within this paper, it is emphasized the definition, types, it’s prevalence and prevention techniques both in older and especially for preschool age children.  P revention programs and techniques like Be-Prox,  Seeds of Empathy, Roots of Empathy, Incredible Years are presented. There are two newly used prevention techniques which used in Turkey presented; Emotions Event and Morning Session. Their procedure and possible effects are investigated. An interview is made with a kindergarten teacher for further observational information within the framework and to assess the n...